The best walks and hikes around Nacionalni park Una

At this location in Martin Brod, as seen in most photos, is the so-called 'Small Waterfall'. It is located on one of the tributaries of the Una River, on the left side of the river course flowing between various village houses and catering establishments. The Unac is a tributary of the Una and flows into the Una about a kilometer downstream.

U strasnom zagrljaju dvije rijeke, na ušću Unca u Unu, ljubomorno čuva svoje čari neponovljiva i vjekovima nedirnuta prirodna ljepota, naseibuna Martin Brod. U ovom mjestu se nalazi najveći kompleks slapova u Nacionalnom parku “Una”, a nekad je ovdje postojao veliki broj mlinova i bučnica. Naselje je poniklo iz srednjovjekovnog grada koji je podignut krajem XIV ili početkom XV vijeka na ušću Unca u Unu, a postoje mišljenja historičara da ovaj stari grad datira iz XIII vijeka. Po zapisima iz 1396. godine ovaj grad se nazivao Konuba. U izvorima se prvi put spominje 1431. godine kada ga je ugarski kralj Sigismund založio Nikoli Frankopanu. U današnjem Martin Brodu nalazi se pravoslavni manastir Rmnaj koji predstavlja važno duhovno sjedište sjeverne Tromeđe (trograničja Bosne, Like i Dalmacije). Narodna tradicija pripisuje njegovo podizanje Katarini Branković – kćeri srpskog despota Đurđa Brankovića i bizantijske princeze Jerine Kantakuzin a supruzi grofa Urliha II Celjskog. U starijim dokumentima manastir Rmanj se naziva Hrmanj, Ajerman, Chermlja, Szermil, Hermanya, Herman a ime je dobio po Katarininom sinu Hermanu III koji je zbog bolesti mlad umro, te je njemu u spomen Katarina podigla manastir. U narodu se vremenom od imena Herman pretvori u naziv Rmanj i taj naziv je ostao do dana današnjeg. Izvor: https://npuna.com/martin-brod/

Tuff or travertine is a sedimentary rock and belongs to the group of carbonate rocks. It forms around cold springs. It is characterized by its porosity. Tuff is a monomineral rock, meaning it is built from only one mineral - calcite. The structure is cryptocrystalline, while the texture is porous. It forms around cold springs, by the precipitation of calcium carbonate from a saturated aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate. This happens in places where the water flow loses kinetic energy either due to an obstacle (aquatic plants) or due to a decrease in slope. The porous texture occurs because calcite is deposited around plants, and after their decay, cavities remain. Source: https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedra

The old town of Ostrovica was built on a hill of the same name, on the left bank of the Una River, above Kulen Vakuf. Before coming under Ottoman rule, it was in the hands of the Frankopans, Juraj Mikulčić, and Ivan Keglević. It came under Ottoman rule in 1523 and only gained significance after the Peace of Karlovac in 1699. From 1523 to 1878, the Turks kept a garrison in Ostrovica. The Turks significantly expanded it, and it then acquired its present form. The town is essentially an elongated rectangle with strong walls up to 10 m high. In 1577, the garrison numbered 60 horsemen and 150 infantrymen, and in 1834, only 20 men. The Imperial forces attacked this town several times (1560, 1698, 1737, 1789, and 1834). In terms of size, Ostrovica was a small town, but as it was located close to both the Venetian and Austrian borders, and also had a favorable defensive position, it was given great importance. Therefore, work was constantly carried out on its expansion and strengthening. The town is surrounded by strong ramparts 10 meters high, with a length of 117 and a width of 83 meters. The main gate was located in front of the ramparts. The fortress consisted of four towers and two bastions. The main entrance is from the south, and the secondary entrance from the north. The commander of the garrison held the title of dizdar, and was officially titled bašaga. From 1699, if not earlier, a captain resided in Ostrovica, who around 1791 moved his seat to Prkosi. Among the dizdars of Ostrovica, the following are mentioned: Nesuhaga (1637), Muhamedaga (1700), and Alijaga (1783). The town also became the seat of the Ostrovica Captaincy, which was founded in the early years of the 18th century and extended on both sides of the upper course of the Una River. It included Orašac, Havala, Kulen Vakuf, and the palankas of Čovka and Donji Lapac. Its captains were members of the well-known Bosnian family Kulenović. Ostrovica, Kulen Vakuf, and Orašac had 989 men in the war of 1714–1718, and after the peace treaty, 561 men. The very next year, 1720, their number increased by 428 men. The military garrison remained in Ostrovica until 1878. https://kulen-vakuf.com/stari-gradovi.html

The old town of Ostrovica was built on the hill of the same name, on the left bank of the Una River, above Kulen Vakuf. Before coming under Ottoman rule, it was in the hands of the Frankopans, Juraj Mikulčić, and Ivan Keglević. It came under Ottoman rule in 1523 and gained significance only after the Peace of Karlovci in 1699. From 1523 to 1878, the Turks kept a garrison in Ostrovica. The Turks significantly expanded it, and it then acquired its present form. The town is essentially an elongated rectangle with strong walls up to 10 m high. In 1577, the garrison numbered 60 horsemen and 150 infantrymen, and in 1834, only 20 men. Imperial troops attacked this town several times (1560, 1698, 1737, 1789, and 1834). In size, Ostrovica was a small town, but as it was located near both the Venetian and Austrian borders, and also had a favorable defensive position, it was given great importance. For this reason, work was constantly carried out on its expansion and strengthening. The town is surrounded by strong ramparts 10 meters high, with a length of 117 and a width of 83 meters. The main gate was located in front of the ramparts. The fortress consisted of four towers and two bastions. The main entrance is from the south, and the secondary from the north. The garrison commander held the title of dizdar, and was officially titled bašaga. From 1699, if not even earlier, a captain resided in Ostrovica, who around 1791 moved his seat to Prkos. Among the dizdars of Ostrovica, the following are mentioned: Nesuhaga (1637), Muhamedaga (1700), and Alijaga (1783). The town also became the seat of the Ostrovica Captaincy, which was founded in the early years of the 18th century and extended on both sides of the upper course of the Una. It included Orašac, Havala, Kulen Vakuf, and the palankas of Čovka and Donji Lapac. Its captains were members of the well-known Bosnian family Kulenović. Ostrovica, Kulen Vakuf, and Orašac had 989 men in the war of 1714–1718, and after the peace treaty, 561 men. The very next year, 1720, their number increased by 428 men. The military garrison remained in Ostrovica until 1878. Source: https://kulen-vakuf.com/stari-gradovi.html

Kulen Vakuf je u osmanskim dokumentima iz 18. veka zvan Džisr-i-kebir, što znači “Veliki most.” Naselje je tako nazvano zbog velikog mosta i važnog prelaza preko Une.

Vakuf means a religious or charitable foundation/property in the Islamic world; in place names, it often means that the area was linked to such a foundation. And Kulen Vakuf refers to a vakuf that was connected to the Kulenović family or Mahmut-paša Kulenović.

Džisr-i Kebir is not a Bosnian word, but an Ottoman-Turkish name with Arabic roots. -Džisr / jisr: Arabic for “bridge”. -kebir / kabir: Arabic/Ottoman for “great” or “magnificent”. So Džisr-i-Kebir literally means, as Anton also mentions, “the great bridge”.