Highlight • Summit
Black Elk Peak
Hiking
5.0
(21)
Running
5.0
(1)
Black Elk Peak, formerly known as Harney Peak, stands as the highest natural point in South Dakota and the entire Midwestern United States. Reaching an elevation of 2,207 meters (7,242 feet), it is also the highest summit in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Located within the Black Elk Wilderness area in the southern Black Hills of Pennington County, this prominent peak offers a unique blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and challenging trails. It lies approximately 3.7 miles west-southwest of the iconic Mount Rushmore National Memorial.
Visitors consistently rave about the breathtaking 360-degree panoramic views from the summit, which on a clear day can stretch across five states. Hikers are drawn to the sense of achievement and the reward of expansive vistas after ascending through diverse terrain. The historic stone fire lookout tower at the top, built by the Civilian Conservation Corps, provides an elevated observation deck, enhancing the viewing experience and serving as a memorable landmark. Many also appreciate the deep spiritual and cultural significance the peak holds for the Lakota people.
Before embarking on a hike to Black Elk Peak, it's wise to prepare for varied conditions. The trails to Black Elk Peak, while well-marked, can be challenging, so sturdy footwear and appropriate layers are essential. The terrain includes sections of ponderosa pine forest, granite formations, and some climbing spots. Parking is available at various trailheads, though a Custer State Park entrance permit is required, which costs around $20 per car. While popular, the trails are generally well-maintained, offering a rewarding experience for those ready for an intermediate difficulty level.
The best time to hike Black Elk Peak is typically from late spring through early fall, when the weather is most favorable and the trails are clear of snow. Summer hiking offers lush scenery and wildflowers, though it can be busier. The main activity is hiking, with several trails leading to the summit. The area is also rich in wildlife, including mountain goats and deer, adding to the natural appeal of a visit.
Among the most popular trails to Black Elk Peak is the route from Sylvan Lake, often referred to as Trail Number 9. This scenic path offers a balanced combination of challenge and reward, winding through forests and past impressive granite formations. The hike typically takes around 3 hours to complete the 4.8-mile ascent, making it a fulfilling day trip for many.
Reaching the summit of Black Elk Peak offers several standout moments. Beyond the incredible views, hikers often appreciate the unique atmosphere of the historic fire tower, imagining its past role. The spiritual importance of the mountain for the Sioux tribes, where ceremonies are still performed, adds a profound layer to the experience. Many describe the journey as a "360° cinema" experience, with every turn revealing new natural features and geological formations.
Whether you're seeking a challenging ascent or a scenic day out, the Black Elk Peak area offers a variety of hiking trails to explore. From the popular routes originating near Sylvan Lake to other paths within the Black Elk Wilderness, there are options for different preferences and fitness levels. You can discover and plan your next adventure to this iconic South Dakota landmark by exploring the many routes available on komoot.
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Black Elk Wilderness
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Nearby routes
Best routes near Black Elk Peak
5.0
(1)
19
hikers
9.75km
03:05
370m
370m
Embark on a moderate hiking adventure to Black Elk Peak, South Dakota's highest point, via the scenic Cathedral Spires Trail. This route covers 6.1 miles (9.8 km) and involves a steady climb of 1214 feet (370 metres), typically taking around 3 hours and 4 minutes to complete. As you ascend, you'll wind through dense ponderosa pine forests and past the dramatic granite formations of the Cathedral Spires, offering a truly immersive experience in the Black Hills wilderness.
To make the most of your visit, consider starting your hike early in the day, especially on weekends or holidays, as the trail can get busy. Arriving early helps ensure you find parking and enjoy a more peaceful journey through the wilderness. While this particular route is often less crowded than others in the area, planning ahead will enhance your experience. There are no specific warnings about permits, fees, or seasonal closures for this trail.
The trail culminates at the historic Harney Peak Fire Lookout Tower, where you are rewarded with expansive 360-degree panoramic views. On clear days, you might even catch glimpses of Mount Rushmore and the distant landscapes of Wyoming. This journey offers a unique blend of natural beauty and historical significance, providing a memorable experience for those seeking both a physical challenge and stunning vistas.
6
hikers
21.4km
06:34
750m
760m
Embark on the difficult Lost Cabin Trail, a challenging 13.3 miles (21.4 km) hike that takes you through dense ponderosa pine forests. You will encounter steep climbs, rocky sections, and winding singletrack paths, offering a true wilderness experience. The route demands about 6 hours and 34 minutes of hiking, during which you will gain 2476 feet (755 metres) of elevation. Along the way, you can expect expansive mountain views from various viewpoints, including stunning vistas of Black Elk Peak, the highest point in South Dakota. This less-traveled path provides a sense of solitude, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the natural beauty of the Black Hills.
To begin your adventure, parking and trailhead access are conveniently available at the Lost Cabin Trailhead. When planning your visit, be prepared for rapid weather changes, as temperatures can fluctuate drastically in the Black Elk Wilderness. Consider bringing poles for stability, as some sections of the trail feature rocky terrain. For the best experience, always check local conditions, especially regarding winter hiking, as significant snow can impact the Black Hills.
This route stands out for its deep immersion into the Black Elk Wilderness, offering a genuine escape into nature. The trail's character is defined by its challenging ascent through ancient ponderosa pine forests, leading to rewarding panoramic views. It provides a unique opportunity to explore the rugged landscape of the Black Hills, far from more crowded paths. The sense of solitude you find here is a key highlight, making it a memorable journey for those seeking a true wilderness connection.
4.8
(39)
329
hikers
11.7km
03:31
390m
390m
Embark on the Black Elk Peak and Little Devil's Tower Loop, a moderate hike spanning 7.2 miles (11.7 km) through the scenic Black Hills. You will ascend 1273 feet (388 metres) over approximately 3 hours and 30 minutes, experiencing diverse terrain. The path winds through beautiful forests, occasionally sparkling with quartz crystals and mica underfoot. As you climb, you'll encounter unique geological formations, leading to the rewarding views from Black Elk Peak. This loop offers a journey through varied landscapes, culminating in expansive vistas.
To make the most of your hike, plan your visit between early June and late September. Starting your adventure early in the day is highly recommended, especially on busy weekends, to ensure you find parking at Sylvan Lake. Always check the local weather forecast before you set out, as conditions in the Black Hills can change rapidly and storms may develop quickly. This preparation will help ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience on the trail.
This route takes you to the highest point in South Dakota, Black Elk Peak, offering panoramic views that can extend to Cathedral Spires and even Wyoming on a clear day. The trail also features the distinctive granite spires of Little Devil's Tower, adding to the unique geological character of the area. Beginning and ending at the picturesque Sylvan Lake, the loop provides a comprehensive experience of Custer State Park's natural beauty.
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Elevation 2,160 m
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the true elevation of Black Elk Peak?
While often cited as 7,242 or 7,244 feet, a precise survey conducted in 2016 determined the highest natural rock on Black Elk Peak to be 7,231.32 feet (2,204.11 meters) NAVD88. This makes it the highest point in South Dakota and the Midwestern United States.
Are there alternative trails to Black Elk Peak besides the popular Sylvan Lake route?
Yes, while Trail Number 9 from Sylvan Lake is the most popular, several other trails lead to the summit within the Black Elk Wilderness. These include routes from Iron Creek (Trail #10), Horse Thief Lake (Trail #14), and the Little Devil's Tower Trail (Trail #4), which can be combined with Trail #9 for a loop. Each offers a unique experience and varying levels of challenge.
Is Black Elk Peak suitable for winter hiking?
Winter hiking to Black Elk Peak is possible but requires significant preparation. The intro mentions late spring through early fall as the best time due to weather. In winter, trails can be covered in snow and ice, making conditions challenging. Hikers should be experienced, carry appropriate gear like microspikes or snowshoes, and check weather forecasts carefully. The views can be stunning, but it's a more demanding endeavor.
What is the typical elevation gain for a hike to Black Elk Peak?
The elevation gain varies depending on the trailhead. For instance, the popular Trail Number 9 from Sylvan Lake involves an elevation gain of approximately 1,100 feet (335 meters) over its 3.5-mile (5.6 km) one-way ascent to the summit.
Are dogs allowed on the trails to Black Elk Peak?
Yes, dogs are generally permitted on the trails to Black Elk Peak, but they must be kept on a leash. It's always a good idea to bring plenty of water for your canine companion, especially on warmer days, as the hike can be strenuous.
What kind of wildlife might I encounter on the Black Elk Peak trail?
The Black Elk Wilderness is home to diverse wildlife. Hikers frequently report seeing mountain goats, deer, and chipmunks. Less common but possible sightings include elk and various bird species. Remember to observe wildlife from a respectful distance and never feed animals.
Do I need a permit to hike Black Elk Peak, or is there a fee?
You do not need a specific hiking permit for Black Elk Peak itself. However, since many popular trailheads, including Sylvan Lake, are located within Custer State Park, you will need to purchase a Custer State Park entrance permit. This permit typically costs around $20 per vehicle and is valid for several days.
How long does it typically take to hike to the summit of Black Elk Peak?
The time it takes to hike to the summit varies based on the trail and individual fitness. For the popular Trail Number 9 from Sylvan Lake, the ascent typically takes around 3 hours. A round trip, including time at the summit, can range from 4 to 6 hours.
What are the notable geological features around Black Elk Peak?
The area around Black Elk Peak is renowned for its dramatic granite formations, including the stunning Cathedral Spires, which are visible from various points along the trails. The summit itself features bare rock, providing unobstructed views, and the landscape is characterized by ancient igneous intrusions.
Where can I find accommodation or dining options near Black Elk Peak?
While there are no direct accommodations or cafes at the trailheads, the surrounding area offers numerous options. You can find hotels and restaurants in nearby towns like Keystone, Custer, and Hill City. Custer State Park also has lodges and campgrounds. Sylvan Lake Lodge, located near the popular Sylvan Lake trailhead, offers dining and lodging.
What is the historical significance of the fire lookout tower at the summit?
The historic stone fire lookout tower at the summit was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in 1938. It was last staffed in 1967 but remains accessible to hikers, offering an enclosed observation deck with sweeping 360-degree panoramic views. It's a testament to early 20th-century conservation efforts and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.