Top 20 Caves in Turkey

There are lovely hiking trails leading there, but it's also easily accessible by car. It's an overgrown ruin, but truly beautiful to behold. Sturdy shoes are recommended, and you shouldn't be afraid of heights.

There is a simple trail along the ancient city, but if you want to explore the city deeper be prepared to thick bushes with thorns, so it's better to keep your body and hands protected. Hiking boots and eyes protection is strongly recommended because somewhere you will have to climb down steep walls.

A very good sight on a mountaintop. Trails should be marked for hiking.

The Goreme Open Air Museum is among the top must-see attractions in Cappadocia, Turkey, located in the valley of the same name. With its stunning hot air balloons, fairy chimneys, and underground cities, this cave site is among the main reasons travelers visit this region.

Cappadocia: A Land Forged by Volcanoes and Time Nestled in the heart of Central Anatolia, Turkey, Cappadocia is a region of breathtaking natural beauty and profound historical significance. Its otherworldly landscape, characterized by towering "fairy chimneys," intricate cave dwellings, and vast underground cities, tells a story of millions of years of geological processes and millennia of human ingenuity. The Geological Masterpiece: Fairy Chimneys The most iconic feature of Cappadocia is undoubtedly its unique rock formations, affectionately known as "fairy chimneys." These conical or mushroom-shaped pillars are the result of ancient volcanic eruptions. Millions of years ago, volcanoes like Mount Erciyes, Hasan Dağı, and Melendiz Dağı blanketed the region with soft volcanic tuff. Over time, erosion by wind and water sculpted this soft rock, leaving behind harder, more resistant basalt caps that protected the softer tuff below, forming the distinctive chimneys we see today. The valleys of Göreme, Pasabag (Monks Valley), and Devrent (Imagination Valley) offer some of the most spectacular examples of these geological wonders, with formations resembling everything from animals to abstract art. A Haven for Humanity: Cave Dwellings and Underground Cities Beyond its geological marvels, Cappadocia's soft rock proved to be an ideal medium for human habitation. Early inhabitants discovered that the tuff could be easily carved, leading to the creation of extensive cave dwellings, churches, and monasteries. These rock-cut structures provided natural insulation, keeping interiors cool in summer and warm in winter. Even more astonishing are the vast underground cities like Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı. These subterranean complexes, some reaching many levels deep, were meticulously carved to provide refuge for thousands of people during times of invasion and persecution, particularly by early Christians fleeing Roman persecution and later by Byzantines seeking protection from Arab raids. Complete with ventilation shafts, stables, kitchens, churches, and even cemeteries, these cities are a testament to the remarkable resourcefulness and resilience of ancient communities. A Tapestry of History and Culture Cappadocia's history is as rich and layered as its landscape. It has been home to numerous civilizations, including the Hittites, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans, each leaving their indelible mark. * Early Christianity: The region played a pivotal role in the early days of Christianity. Its remote valleys and readily carvable rock provided a safe haven for early Christians to practice their faith and build elaborate cave churches adorned with intricate frescoes. The Göreme Open-Air Museum is a UNESCO World Heritage site that showcases a remarkable collection of these rock-cut churches, offering a glimpse into Byzantine art and religious life. * Religious Significance: Many early Christian saints, including Saint Basil the Great, Saint Gregory of Nyssa, and Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, were from this region, solidifying Cappadocia's importance in Christian theology. * Cultural Blend: The continuous ebb and flow of empires and cultures has resulted in a fascinating blend of traditions, evident in the region's architecture, cuisine, and local customs. Cappadocia Today: A Tourist Paradise Today, Cappadocia is one of Turkey's most popular tourist destinations, attracting visitors from around the globe eager to experience its unique charm. * Hot Air Ballooning: The most iconic experience is undoubtedly a hot air balloon ride at sunrise. Drifting silently above the valleys, with the sun casting golden hues over the fairy chimneys, is an unforgettable spectacle and provides unparalleled panoramic views of the landscape. * Hiking and Trekking: The valleys offer numerous hiking trails, allowing visitors to explore the rock formations, cave churches, and hidden passages on foot. Popular routes include Rose Valley, Red Valley, and Pigeon Valley. * Cave Hotels: Many visitors choose to stay in authentic cave hotels, which are carved into the rock formations, offering a unique and atmospheric accommodation experience. * Local Crafts: The region is also known for its pottery, particularly from the town of Avanos, where visitors can witness traditional pottery making and even try their hand at the craft. In essence, Cappadocia is more than just a place; it's an experience. It's a land where geological forces have created an artistic masterpiece, and human history has carved its own remarkable story into the very fabric of the earth.

It is a must-see

Tickets are available after a long wooden staircase directly in front of the entrance.

The famous hermitage of St. Symeon is located in the large, solitary cone with three heads in the middle of the open space. The entrance to the raised monk's cell on the southeast side is badly eroded. The present entrance area was actually a room entered via the sloping tunnel. From the ground floor a steep tunnel and vertical shaft with footholds rise up to the second floor. The top of the shaft has a wide opening for a rock cover to secure the entrance. The antechamber has an irregular shape and a collapsed southern wall. The entrance area contains a religious prayer in red and three rock crosses, common in monastic residences. The main monastic cell is located via a tunnel staircase on the "third floor" of the cave complex. The large oval room has two beds for the senior monk and his disciple. The junior monk slept on the western bed, which is 30 cm lower and is placed "at the feet" of the superior. In the church below, graffiti addresses someone named "St. Symeon", the hermit who lived in the cell.